{"id":125037,"date":"2026-05-09T09:39:18","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T12:39:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ubirataonline.com.br\/jon-krakauer-on-his-everest-climb-i-wish-id-never-gone\/"},"modified":"2026-05-09T09:39:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T12:39:20","slug":"jon-krakauer-on-his-everest-climb-i-wish-id-never-gone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ubirataonline.com.br\/en\/jon-krakauer-on-his-everest-climb-i-wish-id-never-gone\/","title":{"rendered":"Jon Krakauer on his Everest climb: &#8216;I wish I&#8217;d never gone&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"prism-GridColumn\" style=\"--grid-column-span-xxs:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-xs:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-sm:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-md:20;--grid-column-span-lg:16;--grid-column-span-xl:16;--grid-column-span-xxl:14;--grid-column-start-xxs:auto;--grid-column-start-xs:auto;--grid-column-start-sm:auto;--grid-column-start-md:3;--grid-column-start-lg:5;--grid-column-start-xl:5;--grid-column-start-xxl:6\">\n<p class=\"EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy \">Nobody goes there. It\u2019s almost suicidal. She was there with the world\u2019s best climbers, Steve Swenson and Alex. She never claimed to be elite, but she didn\u2019t let on that she was being guided. She paid Alex to guide her. Once the guiding started, well, it\u2019s the highest mountain in the world. If somebody said you could go to space for a lot of money, people would line up. So in \u201995 <i class=\" \">Outside <\/i>called and said there was an expedition leaving in a matter of days. I said yeah, I want to go. Then I thought, I don\u2019t want to sit at base camp for two months. I said, let me go next year and I\u2019ll train. And that\u2019s how I ended up there in \u201996. By then it had been going on for a few years, but \u201996 was when it was getting really serious.<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy \"><b class=\"cXscX \">When you finished the magazine story and the book, was there any part of you that thought you\u2019d successfully warned the world and that people would back off?<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy \">I was sure I\u2019d destroyed the nascent Everest guiding industry. I\u2019d killed it in the crib. I really believed that. Then I found out my book was actually the best advertising it ever got. Eric Simonson said it on the record. \u201cWe couldn\u2019t buy advertising like that book.\u201d I remember on book tour, people would look at me and say, \u201cYou climbed Everest.\u201d You could see them thinking, <i class=\" \">that f***ing guy.<\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy \">I came home with incredible survivor\u2019s guilt, because my presence on the mountain, I believe, had a direct influence on the catastrophe. I think it distorted Rob Hall\u2019s judgment. Scott Fischer was there, and Scott\u2019s team was younger and stronger, and all his clients made the summit. Rob felt pressure to get as many of his clients up as possible, so he didn\u2019t turn around people he should have.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oLzSq QrHMO GbsKS pvsTF EhJPu vPlOC zNYgW OsTsW AMhAA daRVX ISNQ sKyCY eRftA acPPc ebfE nFwaT MCnQE mEeeY SmBjI xegrY VvTxJ iulOd NIuqO zzscu lzDCc aHUBM hbvnu OjMNy eQqcx SVqKB GQmdz jaoD iShaE ONJdw vrZxD OnRTz gbbfF roDbV kRoBe oMlSS gfNzt oJhud eXZcf zhVlX \">\n<blockquote class=\"HsNzY JnYwf jsU UoVV WtEci dSKvB seFhp pUIMW daMmF FuEs NIUdb ipdub VcjIK iGXXi NAxPP DTNap \" data-testid=\"prism-quote\"><p><span class=\"VZTD mLASH dNrjv lNSey cxKJr jwWXL TcvpK GnZyW JEhbv GYnlH oHIfK lcTZO TqWpy bXOwM yTqXb DPZDl \" aria-hidden=\"true\"\/><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"gtOSm FbbUW tUtYa vOCwz EQwFq yCufu eEak Qmvg nyTIa SRXVc vzLa jgBfc WXDas CiUCW kqbG zrdEG txGfn ygKVe BbezD UOtxr CVfpq xijV soGRS XgdC sEIlf daWqJ \">Listen, there are still a lot of people up there who don\u2019t belong. There\u2019s a real chance you\u2019ll pass somebody in trouble and be unable to help them. Are you prepared for that moral quandary? <\/span><\/p>\n<p><cite class=\"mLASH VZTD jIRH EKBC NdMej FwwV qWLoz GwUtD GGiOn \"\/><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy \">I only learned recently from Frank Fischbeck, the oldest guy on our team, who lives in Hong Kong. He turned around early on May 10 because he didn\u2019t feel right. What I didn\u2019t know until a few months ago is that as he was descending, he passed Rob, and Rob tried to talk him into going up. He\u2019d done the same with Doug Hansen [who died on the descent], and Doug had said no, and then Rob talked him into going up. If Rob hadn\u2019t done that, I don\u2019t think the catastrophe would have happened. And then Rob didn\u2019t turn Doug around at one or two. Doug summited at four p.m. That cascaded. Doug collapsed on the ridge, so Andy Harris had to stay with him, which left Mike Groom as the only guide below with clients. Mike had been escorting Yasuko Namba, the smallest member of our team, but at the Balcony [the high promontory that defines the beginning of Everest\u2019s Southeast Ridge] he ran into Beck Weathers, blind, and had to short-rope him down. Mike\u2019s one of the heroes. Three feet of rope, Beck\u2019s blind, Beck\u2019s a big guy. If he hadn\u2019t had to do that, Yasuko would\u2019ve been fine.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>window['__CONFIG__']={\"uid\":\"natgeo\",\"strictMode\":false,\"mode\":\"universal\",\"logLevel\":\"info\",\"logOutput\":\"json\",\"tms\":{\"enabled\":true,\"env\":\"dev\",\"tag\":\"https:\/\/nexus.ensighten.com\/TWDC-DTCI\/dev\/Bootstrap.js\",\"tagNS\":\"Boostrapper\",\"emitEvent\":\"tms:ready\",\"loadScript\":false,\"loadAsync\":true},\"allowMocks\":true,\"globalVar\":\"__natgeo__\",\"cdnPath\":\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\",\"buildHash\":false,\"http\":{\"timeout\":{\"client\":10000}},\"apiEnv\":\"production\",\"envName\":\"prod\",\"mockDataPort\":1981,\"host\":\"localhost\",\"basename\":\"\",\"collateXhr\":{}};window['__natgeo__']={\"app\":{\"uid\":\"natgeo\",\"mode\":\"universal\",\"apiEnv\":\"production\",\"envName\":\"prod\",\"cdnPath\":\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\",\"collateXhr\":{},\"allowMocks\":true,\"mockDataPort\":1981,\"excludePageCSS\":false,\"assets\":{\"chunks\":[\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/runtime-0953f9cd.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/9117-83d6e053.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/9479-a66111c6.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/2021-a6671d01.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/7708-bd1924dc.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/50-2c9e6f88.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/1526-be33e164.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/192-61837f1b.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/431-da660fd7.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/5452-4a8ed328.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/3898-365a74db.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/19-83fbe437.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/4257-b42ff779.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/9486-7fb4c986.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/2456-4a213c69.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/1636-391e6cb1.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/3021-5a09ca05.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/8330-0b99e529.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/4629-d8c96d8a.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/4162-73be19a5.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/9381-adeacb51.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/6753-f8d9e43f.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/4224-525622c6.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/8593-09c401be.js\"],\"entries\":[\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/natgeo-c86fa0ba.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/prismarticle-eb6865f2.js\"],\"css\":[\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/css\/fusion-d925df69.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/css\/9117-d04e7608.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/css\/natgeo-d29430d3.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/css\/431-e2970fa3.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/css\/5452-83ba4d59.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04-28-2026.9\/client\/natgeo\/css\/9486-47cf19b3.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f2128c34fbe3-release-04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Out\"}],\"lnk\":{\"url\":\"#oneid-login\"},\"isRedesignNav\":false,\"subscriberBenefits\":[]},\"cmsType\":\"NavModule\",\"isRedesignNav\":true,\"pageType\":\"prismarticle\"}],\"cmsType\":\"NavFrame\"},{\"id\":\"e17aa8d2-d11b-4156-88f1-93b2a532cac9\",\"className\":\"stickyFrame stickyFrame--bottom\",\"placement\":\"header\",\"chldOptns\":{\"bannerPlacement\":\"footer\"}}]},\"prismarticle\":{\"frms\":[{\"id\":\"natgeo-template1-frame-1\",\"mods\":[{\"id\":\"natgeo-template1-frame-1-module-1\",\"cmsType\":\"StackModule\",\"align\":\"left\",\"edgs\":[{\"dvdr\":{\"hideLogo\":true},\"cmsType\":\"ArticleBodyTile\",\"id\":\"natgeo-template1-frame-1-module-1\",\"bdy\":[{\"id\":\"html0\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"On May 10, it will be 30 years since a squall swept across the upper reaches of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/why-mount-everest-can-grow-and-shrink-plate-tectonics\" dir=\"ltr\">Everest<\/a>, killing eight climbers that night in what was then one of the deadliest mountaineering disasters of all time. (By the end of the season, twelve climbers had died on the mountain in all.) Worse, this was at the dawn of Everest\u2019s guided era, when strong, competent Western mountaineers thought they could pacify the mountain\u2019s myriad death traps and build, as Mountain Madness guide and owner Scott Fischer famously put it, \u201ca yellow brick road right to the summit.\u201d\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html1\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Writer Jon Krakauer was there as a client of Kiwi Rob Hall\u2019s Adventure Consultants on assignment for <i>Outside<\/i>, and the magazine story he turned in became the book <a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/95441\/into-thin-air-by-jon-krakauer-new-afterword-by-the-author\/\" dir=\"ltr\"><i>Into Thin Air<\/i><\/a>, which immediately surged to #1 on the <i>New York Times<\/i> bestseller list. Far from dissuading would-be clients and guides, the book seems to have supercharged the commercialization of Everest. By the time I was reporting on the mountain regularly in the early twentyteens, mass casualty events had become a regular feature of many seasons. There were the four climbers who couldn\u2019t get themselves down in 2012 despite the good weather, the 2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/140423-mount-everest-deaths-history-avalanche-sherpas-mountain\" dir=\"ltr\">serac collapse<\/a> that killed 16 Sherpa porters, and the avalanche set off by the 2015 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/150426-everest-earthquake-basecamp-nepal-himalaya-climbing-sherpas\" dir=\"ltr\">Nepal earthquake<\/a> which took at least 19 lives in Base Camp. The death toll climbed and so did some 13,000 summiters\u2019 apparent ability to memory-hole the disasters and keep coming at the mountain, decade after decade.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html2\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Now, 30 years on, Krakauer has written a new foreword to <i>Into Thin Air<\/i>, chronicling those changes as Vintage Books re-releases the book. I spoke with him at length about that dark and stormy night and the after-effects that are still haunting him today.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html3\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<i>This interview has been condensed for clarity and length.&nbsp;<\/i>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html4\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>Take us back to 1996. The guiding era was already underway, but it was still kind of in its infancy. Things were transitioning from the era of national expeditions\u2014the Swiss expedition, the British expedition\u2014to the commercial era. You seemed to see what was coming.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html5\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>Krakauer: <\/b>My heroes growing up were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\/article\/barry-bishop-everest-himalayas\" dir=\"ltr\">Tom Hornbein and Willi Unsoeld<\/a>. Unsoeld was in my hometown, and his kids were friends with my family. When those guys climbed the West Ridge of Everest in 1963, that blew my mind. Those climbers were heroes, not the astronauts, not the football players. So I paid a lot of attention to Everest. But as I became a serious climber in my teens and twenties, I resented all the gatekeepers. To go on an Everest expedition, you had to go through the American Alpine Club. I thought, who are these guys with clipboards who get to decide? I wrote off Everest.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html6\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Then [the late] David Breashears, who I knew from Boulder, took Dick Bass to the summit. Bass was unusually strong but self-deprecating. People would see him and think, <i>if that guy can climb Everest, I can climb Everest.<\/i> It was on. Then in the early \u201990s, people started hiring guides. Alex Lowe, a good friend of mine, guided Everest three times and got clients to the top twice. The only time he didn\u2019t was on the Kangshung Face in 1994.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"d53a13eb-98f1-45d2-bb0b-b3fed9258b1c\",\"cntnt\":{\"cmsType\":\"image\",\"ariaLabel\":\"image\",\"align\":\"contentWidth\",\"belowParagraph\":true,\"envNme\":\"prod\",\"flags\":{\"hideTitle\":true},\"qryStr\":\"forceMode=fitt\",\"mrkup\":\"\",\"placement\":\"inline\"},\"type\":\"inline\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html7\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>That was Sandy Pittman\u2019s expedition, right? It struck me as insane that of all the places she ended up, it was the nearly vertical 7,000-foot East Face of Everest. Nobody goes there.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html8\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Nobody goes there. It\u2019s almost suicidal. She was there with the world\u2019s best climbers, Steve Swenson and Alex. She never claimed to be elite, but she didn\u2019t let on that she was being guided. She paid Alex to guide her. Once the guiding started, well, it\u2019s the highest mountain in the world. If somebody said you could go to space for a lot of money, people would line up. So in \u201995 <i>Outside <\/i>called and said there was an expedition leaving in a matter of days. I said yeah, I want to go. Then I thought, I don\u2019t want to sit at base camp for two months. I said, let me go next year and I\u2019ll train. And that\u2019s how I ended up there in \u201996. By then it had been going on for a few years, but \u201996 was when it was getting really serious.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html9\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>When you finished the magazine story and the book, was there any part of you that thought you\u2019d successfully warned the world and that people would back off?<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html10\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"I was sure I\u2019d destroyed the nascent Everest guiding industry. I\u2019d killed it in the crib. I really believed that. Then I found out my book was actually the best advertising it ever got. Eric Simonson said it on the record. \u201cWe couldn\u2019t buy advertising like that book.\u201d I remember on book tour, people would look at me and say, \u201cYou climbed Everest.\u201d You could see them thinking, <i>that f***ing guy.<\/i>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html11\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"I came home with incredible survivor\u2019s guilt, because my presence on the mountain, I believe, had a direct influence on the catastrophe. I think it distorted Rob Hall\u2019s judgment. Scott Fischer was there, and Scott\u2019s team was younger and stronger, and all his clients made the summit. Rob felt pressure to get as many of his clients up as possible, so he didn\u2019t turn around people he should have.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"ca55ad34-5237-4f81-8f65-60752306d46c\",\"cntnt\":{\"cmsType\":\"pullquote\",\"id\":\"ca55ad34-5237-4f81-8f65-60752306d46c\",\"quote\":\"Listen, there are still a lot of people up there who don\u2019t belong. There\u2019s a real chance you\u2019ll pass somebody in trouble and be unable to help them. Are you prepared for that moral quandary? \",\"theme\":\"\",\"type\":\"pull\",\"hideIcon\":true,\"byLineProps\":{\"authors\":[{\"displayName\":\"Jon Krakauer\"}],\"mode\":\"richtext\"}},\"type\":\"inline\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html12\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"I only learned recently from Frank Fischbeck, the oldest guy on our team, who lives in Hong Kong. He turned around early on May 10 because he didn\u2019t feel right. What I didn\u2019t know until a few months ago is that as he was descending, he passed Rob, and Rob tried to talk him into going up. He\u2019d done the same with Doug Hansen [who died on the descent], and Doug had said no, and then Rob talked him into going up. If Rob hadn\u2019t done that, I don\u2019t think the catastrophe would have happened. And then Rob didn\u2019t turn Doug around at one or two. Doug summited at four p.m. That cascaded. Doug collapsed on the ridge, so Andy Harris had to stay with him, which left Mike Groom as the only guide below with clients. Mike had been escorting Yasuko Namba, the smallest member of our team, but at the Balcony [the high promontory that defines the beginning of Everest\u2019s Southeast Ridge] he ran into Beck Weathers, blind, and had to short-rope him down. Mike\u2019s one of the heroes. Three feet of rope, Beck\u2019s blind, Beck\u2019s a big guy. If he hadn\u2019t had to do that, Yasuko would\u2019ve been fine.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html13\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>On the mountain you mistook Mountain Madness client Martin Adams for Andy Harris, giving Harris's teammates and family false hope that he was alive. I know you've beaten yourself up about that mistaken identity. Thirty years later, how does that sit with you?<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html14\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Mistaking him for someone else was bad. I felt terrible because I told his parents a story that wasn\u2019t true. First that he made it down, then that he walked off the Lhotse Face. They were dealing with the tragedy and getting all this misinformation from me. But what I really felt guilty about was that Andy and I had similar climbing experiences. We were buddies. When I came down, I\u2019d been out without supplemental oxygen for 90 minutes waiting for people to go up the Hillary Step. I got back to the South Summit and Andy was there, acting bizarre. He wasn\u2019t in his right mind. There were full oxygen bottles he insisted were empty. We couldn\u2019t convince him they were full.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html15\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"If I hadn\u2019t been a client, if I\u2019d been his climbing partner, I would\u2019ve said, <i>Andy, something\u2019s wrong, we have to get down now.<\/i> I didn\u2019t, because clients aren\u2019t allowed to have agency. I was always being reprimanded for that.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"00bf56c7-5cee-4e18-a381-1b537e976d0a\",\"cntnt\":{\"cmsType\":\"pullquote\",\"id\":\"00bf56c7-5cee-4e18-a381-1b537e976d0a\",\"quote\":\"If 4,000 people died in the New York Marathon, they\u2019d shut it the f**k down. On Everest, five deaths is no problem.\",\"theme\":\"\",\"type\":\"pull\",\"hideIcon\":true,\"byLineProps\":{\"authors\":[{\"displayName\":\"Jon Krakauer\"}],\"mode\":\"richtext\"}},\"type\":\"inline\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html16\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"So Andy ended up staying up there. Rob called him back up when Andy finally convinced the bottles were full. Andy went, and he had a malfunctioning oxygen rig too. He died up there. Doug, I think, fell off the narrow ridge where there was no fixed rope. Rob and Scott should never have gone up that day without ropes fixed first. There\u2019s no way Rob could have gotten Doug across that knife-edge ridge\u2014with a 7,000-foot drop on one side and 8,000 on the other\u2014without rope. And the irony is Rob was the most conscientious. He had rules. He lectured us about turnaround times.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html17\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>That he then completely ignored.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html18\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Completely ignored. And when you have a client in such bad shape that the only way to save yourself is to abandon them, most guides can\u2019t imagine doing that. I know a guy in Boulder who lost a foot to frostbite because he stayed with a client. That last night, May 11, when Rob was still alive on the South Summit, Guy Cotter and Ed Viesturs were on the radio trying to convince him to leave, telling him everyone else was already down. He wouldn\u2019t come down.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html19\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"When people ask me about going to Everest, I always say don\u2019t. They say it\u2019s safer than ever. I say, listen, there are still a lot of people up there who don\u2019t belong. There\u2019s a real chance you\u2019ll pass somebody in trouble and be unable to help them. Are you prepared for that moral quandary? It\u2019s not going to make you feel good. There\u2019s great moral hazard in going to Everest.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html20\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>On the topic of inexperienced clients, Sandy Pittman (now Hill) caught a lot of heat for being a socialite with a taste for the finer things. The <\/b><i><b>Vanity Fair<\/b><\/i><b> story, the Dean &amp; DeLuca coffee, the satellite phone, the Bialetti espresso maker. In retrospect, doesn\u2019t time vindicate her? If you put her on the mountain now, she\u2019d be one of the better clients.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html21\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Yeah, I don\u2019t think she was the cause of the tragedy at all. She doesn\u2019t deserve to be the scapegoat. She was actually stronger than several clients on my team. She\u2019d been to altitude. She\u2019d been on two Everest expeditions. I\u2019d never been above 17,000 feet. Sandy liked being the main character, that\u2019s true. The shit she was doing was crazy, bringing copies of all these magazines, the Sherpas looking at the lingerie ads going <i>whoa.<\/i> But she didn\u2019t cause the disaster.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html22\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"One of the things I corrected in the new edition because I felt bad about Sandy: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/magazine\/article\/how-an-all-nepali-team-made-mountaineering-history-feature\" dir=\"ltr\">Lopsang Jangbu<\/a>, Scott\u2019s sirdar, carried a 40 or 50 pound electronic device up to the South Col so Sandy could file dispatches live from 26,000 feet. That wasn\u2019t Sandy\u2019s fault. That was Scott\u2019s fault for letting Lopsang do that. Sandy was there specifically to file these reports. That was her job. Scott should have said no. He was sick with a liver issue and originally was going to carry it himself. Lopsang said no, I\u2019ll do it. Scott should have said neither of us should do it. I passed Lopsang puking on his boots that morning. He wasn\u2019t using oxygen, which he normally didn\u2019t need, but any guide should have been. Lopsang and Scott, the two strongest guys on the team, were at the back for most of the day.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html23\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>What about Anatoli Boukreev? Your interpretation of him was controversial. You criticized him for guiding without oxygen, not carrying a pack, descending ahead of clients. Thirty years on, how does that hold up?<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html24\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"I think the controversy was stirred up intentionally by his ghostwriter, [G.] Weston DeWalt. There were a lot of false statements in that book that I tried to get the publisher to correct. They wouldn\u2019t. But I reported on Anatoli absolutely correctly. I praised him as one of the strongest climbers ever. I praised him for heroically saving the lives of three of his clients. He deserves all the credit for that. But he should never have guided without oxygen. He had to go down ahead of his clients. Without oxygen, you can\u2019t stay warm if you stop. So he had to go down fast, which meant Neal Beidleman, the junior, least-experienced guide, never having climbed Everest, had to bring the clients down. Neal got them to the South Col. Some got lost in the storm and ended up in the [Death] Huddle. Some of Rob\u2019s clients died. But without Neal, <i>none<\/i> of them would\u2019ve gotten down. Nobody calls Neal a hero. He\u2019s just as deserving as Anatoli.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"7398aaa6-29c1-4f76-bad6-3d6f84c9b72c\",\"cntnt\":{\"cmsType\":\"pullquote\",\"id\":\"7398aaa6-29c1-4f76-bad6-3d6f84c9b72c\",\"quote\":\"This year there\u2019s a huge serac, the size of an apartment building, leaning over the icefall route. When it goes, there are often 200 people in the icefall.\",\"theme\":\"\",\"type\":\"pull\",\"hideIcon\":true,\"byLineProps\":{\"authors\":[{\"displayName\":\"Jon Krakauer\"}],\"mode\":\"richtext\"}},\"type\":\"inline\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html25\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Anatoli was Russian. The Russians don\u2019t coddle people. He told me multiple times: <i>If client cannot climb mountain, should not be there. Not my job to get client to top.<\/i> And he\u2019s right. That was Scott\u2019s fault for hiring him. Anatoli was amazing. He\u2019d acclimatize wearing golf shoes with spikes instead of boots. He didn\u2019t carry a pack because he didn\u2019t have oxygen. The next year, he successfully guided a Malaysian team on Everest, and damn straight he used oxygen.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html26\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>And he died on Annapurna in December 1997.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html27\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Trying the south face with Simone Moro. Got avalanched. And Lopsang died in an avalanche on the South Col route of Everest in the post-monsoon season of \u201996. Tragic. Brilliant climber. People compared him to [Reinhold] Messner, and I don\u2019t think that was inaccurate.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html28\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>In the foreword you note that statistically the mountain is getting safer despite the images we see every year. Can you explain that?<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html29\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"What\u2019s made it safer is that guides have figured out what it takes to get clients up. The average now is 1.6 guides per client. That\u2019s a government requirement. You need them to carry all the oxygen bottles, because in \u201996 we had three bottles each. You had to climb reasonably fast and keep flow at half, two liters a minute. No margin for error. Now there are fixed ropes literally every inch from base camp to the summit. Up rope and down rope on the Hillary Step. Two-lane highway in parts. You can have all the oxygen you\u2019re willing to pay for, eight liters a minute. People start using oxygen at base camp now.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html30\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"I get the cheating argument. Oxygen is a drug, you\u2019re already using it, who\u2019s to say two liters is fine and eight isn\u2019t. That\u2019s bullshit. What bothers me is the crowds. From 1921 through 1996, one person was killed for every five who reached the summit. From \u201997 through 2025, that ratio dropped to one death per 68 summits. Last year, five climbers died and 866 reached the top, one fatality for every 173 climbers. Those are good odds. But if 4,000 people died in the New York Marathon, they\u2019d shut it the f**k down. On Everest, five deaths is no problem.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html31\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"What I\u2019m worried about is a mass casualty event. A serac could collapse and kill 200 people. That could happen as we speak. This year there\u2019s a huge serac, the size of an apartment building, leaning over the icefall route. When it goes, there are often 200 people in the icefall. In 2012, Russell Brice sent his entire expedition home because he worried about a similar serac on the West Shoulder. People were furious. They didn\u2019t get their money back. Two years later, when the icefall avalanche killed 16, it made him look smart. This year the rope-fixing is two weeks behind schedule, which means everyone\u2019s going to be acclimatizing late and going for the first window in late May. They\u2019re anticipating a thousand summits this year.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"af02ad46-1b4a-4f8d-8dbe-237c7bcfdd7d\",\"cntnt\":{\"cmsType\":\"image\",\"ariaLabel\":\"image\",\"align\":\"contentWidth\",\"belowParagraph\":true,\"envNme\":\"prod\",\"flags\":{\"hideTitle\":true},\"qryStr\":\"forceMode=fitt\",\"mrkup\":\"\",\"placement\":\"inline\"},\"type\":\"inline\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html32\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>That\u2019s like 500 Westerners and 500 Sherpa guides.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html33\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Right. You\u2019re going to have traffic jams worse than what you\u2019ve seen. And the icefall scares me. Even when there\u2019s no specific serac threat, you hear the seracs going.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html34\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>I\u2019ve walked those ladders. They\u2019re terrifying. In 1996, Rob Hall picked May 10 because that was historically a good day. Now you\u2019ve got computer models. Can you explain how better forecasting actually makes things worse?<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html35\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"They\u2019re more accurate. May 10 now would be considered too early. You\u2019re missing a couple weeks of acclimatization, and it\u2019s colder. The prime days are May 23, May 25, before the monsoon. The smarter guides will tell their clients, <i>it\u2019s going to be crowded, we\u2019ll wait for another window.<\/i> The problem is FOMO. People paid $60,000 or $100,000 or $500,000, sometimes a million. They say, <i>I\u2019m not going to sit out a good day, what if there isn\u2019t another?<\/i> Everyone goes at once. Some pundits and guide services say it\u2019s not a problem, people just need to be patient. But people aren\u2019t patient. Especially in the icefall, where you\u2019re going through eight times, four round trips. The ladders are bottlenecks. You\u2019re on a ladder, there\u2019s a serac right there, you don\u2019t know if it\u2019s going to tip.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html36\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>And in \u201996 a traffic jam meant a dozen people. Now it\u2019s hundreds.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html37\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Hundreds. There just wasn\u2019t enough experience to know you needed fixed ropes for clients, and an up rope and a down rope on the Hillary Step. I remember getting to the top of the Step. I knew I was being stupid. Rob said you have three bottles, and one stays at the South Summit for the descent. You shouldn\u2019t need it on the way up. By May 10, all bets were off on that. But I believed it, so I was determined to get to the top fast. I could have, except when I got to the top of the Step to rappel down, there were 30 people coming up. I had to wait 90 minutes without oxygen. I am not Ed Viesturs, I\u2019m not Reinhold Messner. I\u2019m just an ordinary human. I don\u2019t know how many million brain cells I lost, but it was a lot.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html38\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>What about the Sherpas in 1996? Reverence and respect, sure, but they were still in a kind of helper role. Talk about the evolution, and whether there were aspects of the story locked behind a language or cultural barrier.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html39\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"The most interesting change in 30 years is that Sherpas are now the gatekeepers. Most guide services are run by Sherpas. They call the shots. They\u2019re recognized as the strongest, best, most skilled guides on the mountain. In \u201996 it was thought that Sherpas wouldn\u2019t turn clients around. That was true. They were too deferential. They didn\u2019t speak English well enough to argue. There was still this colonial holdover, the \u201cSahibs\u201d and the \u201ccoolies.\u201d They were the load carriers, the cooks. You didn\u2019t get to know them. Rob made an effort to dispel that. We ate dinner with them in the cook tent. One of my best friends to this day is our cook, Chhongba Sherpa. He helped establish the Khumbu Climbing Center.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"1026a504-f50d-4c71-80d7-b8de102f8d2c\",\"cntnt\":{\"cmsType\":\"pullquote\",\"id\":\"1026a504-f50d-4c71-80d7-b8de102f8d2c\",\"quote\":\"The clients are safer because of the extra oxygen, but the Sherpas are at greater risk because they have to spend more time in the icefall hauling oxygen up to 26,000 feet.\",\"theme\":\"\",\"type\":\"pull\",\"hideIcon\":true,\"byLineProps\":{\"authors\":[{\"displayName\":\"Jon Krakauer\"}],\"mode\":\"richtext\"}},\"type\":\"inline\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html40\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"I bet 90 percent of the clients in \u201996 couldn\u2019t name their Sherpas. Didn\u2019t know who carried their loads. A few like Lopsang, who was flashy and spoke English. Or Ang Dorje, Rob\u2019s quiet, very strong sirdar, who later married an American and now has dual citizenship. The guides still called the Sherpas \u201cthe boys.\u201d <i>Send the boys up. <\/i>That doesn\u2019t fly anymore. There was a simmering resentment. After this whole thing I got involved with the American Himalayan Foundation. I\u2019m [the] board chair now. So I spend more time in Nepal and know the dynamics.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html41\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"The Sherpas now are the best, but they\u2019re not perfect. They\u2019re competitive. The Sherpa-run outfits underplay risks. They can charge $50,000 instead of $100,000 because they don\u2019t pay the $15,000 permit fee or travel.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html42\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>And a lot of them are becoming IFMGA-certified, speaking five languages.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html43\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Alex Lowe. One of the best things he did was notice that nobody had trained the Sherpas in technical skills. They didn\u2019t know how to tie knots. They were just good athletes who acclimatized well. He was appalled because Sherpas were dying. He had the idea to start the climbing school that became the Khumbu Climbing Center. After Alex was killed in \u201999, Jenni Lowe and Conrad [Anker], who she married, launched it. I was an instructor the first two years, 2004 and 2005. You could tell right away these guys picked it up fast. Jenni and Conrad set up an exchange where Glacier, Rainier, and Grand Teton national parks hosted Nepali guides for advanced rescue training. There are now a lot of Sherpas guiding internationally and doing it well.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html44\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>Before that, the pathway was: I was a cook boy, then they gave me a pack and sent me up the mountain.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html45\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Despicable. It took years and a lot of resentment. The first time it really came to the fore was 2013, the Sherpa brawl. The rope-fixing team was working on the Lhotse Face. There was a meeting where everybody agreed to stay off the face for the day. Three Europeans, two of them superstars, Simone Moro and Ueli Steck, decided they\u2019d just speed-climb past. When they crossed the ropes, they knocked down a little ice. Mostly the Sherpas were like, <i>what the f**k, you can\u2019t even stay off the mountain for a day, you\u2019re so arrogant.<\/i> It was disrespectful. They got into a fight pushing and shoving on the Lhotse Face.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html46\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>The last place in the world you\u2019d want a tussle.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html47\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Twenty-three thousand feet. The Sherpas turned around and went down. The Europeans made it worse by saying <i>f**k, the guide companies are going to be pissed,<\/i> and then fixing the ropes themselves, further insult. When they got to Camp 2, a hundred Sherpas attacked them with rocks and kicks. It was ugly. That opened people\u2019s eyes. Then in 2014, the icefall avalanche. A house-sized ice block hit 25 people, killed 16. All Nepali high-altitude workers. The Sherpas went on strike and shut down the season.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html48\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>I showed up at Base Camp the day after that. We were at the meeting where they were all standing around and it almost felt Maoist. There was this feeling like the platitudes had finally washed away and they were asserting control.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html49\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"I forgot you were there. Was that scary?\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html50\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>It felt like anything could happen. But what they wanted was respect and their due. Some of the people who died had been carrying gear for that wingsuit guy from Louisiana who was going to jump off the summit. It put in stark relief how big a risk these guys were taking for Westerners\u2019 career goals.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html51\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"A lot of the Sherpas I know say <i>I don\u2019t want my kids doing this.<\/i> They send their kids to private school in Kathmandu. But a lot of Sherpa kids do want to do it. They\u2019re starting their own guide services. It\u2019s lucrative if you own one. And now the Sherpa-run services exploit their Sherpas the same way Westerners did. The clients are safer because of the extra oxygen, but the Sherpas are at greater risk because they have to spend more time in the icefall hauling oxygen up to 26,000 feet. There\u2019s all kinds of moral hazard with being guided up Everest.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html52\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>Why do people pick apart your story like the Kennedy assassination?<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html53\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"There\u2019s a fascination with Everest. Look at the debate that\u2019s raged forever about whether Mallory and Irvine reached the summit in 1924. Every weird conspiracy theory still going. People are getting rich on YouTube doing it. The YouTubers who saw money being made stirring the pot about Mallory and Irvine are now doing it with \u201996. There was a lot in \u201996. At altitude, your memory sucks. You try to figure out what happened by talking to each other. <i>Were you there? You sure?<\/i> Everyone\u2019s memory is different, which leaves room for alternative theories.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html54\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>Toward the end of the book you were wringing your hands about oxygen, postulating that maybe banning it would help. People have gone from three bottles to five or six. Now there\u2019s xenon, which may help with acclimatization.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html55\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\/article\/xenon-gas-mount-everest-climb\" dir=\"ltr\">Xenon\u2019s interesting<\/a>. In laboratory settings, Furtenbach Adventures has been experimenting for years. They\u2019re convinced that if you breathe it under medical supervision it increases your blood\u2019s oxygen-carrying capacity, same principle as EPO. The jury\u2019s out. Even Furtenbach acknowledges it really just means you don\u2019t have to acclimatize at base camp. Sleeping in hypoxic tents probably helps more. Last year a team of British special forces guys climbed Everest London-to-London in five days using xenon. Mind-blowing. But most of that wasn\u2019t xenon. It was the hypoxic tents and full-flow oxygen from base camp. They had Sherpas helping carry it. They were really fit.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html56\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"There are also all these environmental problems on Everest with the human feces up there. I mean that they're starting to try to force people to bring it down.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html57\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>I was surprised when I was first reporting there. People had blue barrels for poop at Base Camp, but as soon as you went above Base Camp, everyone was straddling crevasses. And it all melts back down to Base Camp.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html58\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Right now there are 2,000 people at base camp with all the support staff. Hopefully most of it\u2019s getting carried out. But the thousand people above base camp, it\u2019s not.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html59\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>I think the SPCC [Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee] is now selling wag bags and requiring people to carry them and use them.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html60\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"That\u2019s the rule now. You can\u2019t get off the mountain without a fine unless you produce 20 pounds of shit. That\u2019s cool. But there\u2019s so much corruption. Helicopters above Camp 1 are supposed to be for emergencies. It\u2019s now common for people who survived the summit to claim a medical problem so they can get airlifted from Camp 2 instead of going through the icefall.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html61\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>They\u2019re using heavy-lift drones to haul gear up through the icefall now.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html62\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"[Last] week, because the icefall has been closed, they\u2019ve been ferrying ropes up to Camp 2 [with drones] and it\u2019s worked. The Himalaya is warming faster than the rest of the world. The icefall is more unstable, no one disputes that. There's talk of just helicoptering people above the icefall for safety. Is that climbing Everest? It\u2019s the same thing. But I predict it\u2019ll happen. It\u2019ll make Everest more popular than ever. It\u2019s still Everest. You still come back and say I climbed Everest.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html63\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"When I tried Denali in \u201987, it kicked my ass. I came back with a lot of respect. I went again in 2013 with Conrad [Anker] and Jeremy Jones. In some ways Denali is harder than Everest because nobody carries your tent or sleeping bag. You haul all your own food and gear. On Everest you don\u2019t. That itself should make it not count. There are so many compromises now it\u2019s hard to say <i>this is okay and that isn\u2019t.<\/i> So it\u2019s like, well, everything\u2019s okay. That\u2019s the future of Everest.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html64\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>Do you still view climbing Everest as a foundational life experience?<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html65\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Foundational, but not in a good way. The morning of May 10, climbing from high camp before dawn, Ang Dorje and I were the first to the Balcony at 27,600 feet. Crystal-clear night, the monsoon visible in the Terai with constant lightning. One of the most memorable experiences of my life. But I am ashamed I climbed Everest. I wish I\u2019d never gone. If nobody had died, I\u2019d think it was pretty cool. Having been party to the disaster, it\u2019s just shame and guilt. I try to warn people that sh*t will happen again. The Everest boosters say <i>don\u2019t listen to Krakauer.<\/i> Don\u2019t listen to me, but I might be right.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html66\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>You guys had a fax machine at base camp. Now there\u2019s Starlink, espresso machines, the 8848 Residence with a four-poster bed for $50,000 a season. People do Everest plus five other peaks in rapid succession. Is there any wilderness left in the Himalayas?<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html67\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Yes. The greatest achievement in mountaineering history, in my view, was Reinhold Messner\u2019s [ascent of the North Face of Everest]. In 1978 Messner and [Peter] Habeler became the first to climb Everest without oxygen via the Southeast Ridge. Two years later he went back alone to the north side and did a partial new route, solo, in the middle of the monsoon, no oxygen. You can still do that. No one\u2019s repeated it. You can stay off the two primary guided routes. The route <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\/article\/jim-morrison-first-ski-mount-everest-north-face\" dir=\"ltr\">Jim Morrison just skied<\/a>, the direct North Face into the Hornbein, hasn\u2019t been climbed much. Or the Loretan-Troillet ascent in \u201986: two Swiss guys, no ropes, no oxygen, no tent. Climbed at night because the snow was firmer. They reached the summit in 36 hours and glissaded down, 47 hours round trip. You can still do that. Pick a different route.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html68\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"But most people who pay to be guided just want to say <i>I climbed Everest.<\/i> They don\u2019t want to climb Everest, they want to <i>have climbed<\/i> Everest. I don\u2019t blame them. But it makes me sad. This great, beautiful mountain commodified and reduced to\u2014\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html69\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<b>A line in the bio of your TED talk.<\/b><b> <\/b><b>It\u2019s the world\u2019s biggest metaphor.<\/b>\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html70\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"That\u2019s right. I\u2019m 72 now, mellowing. I\u2019m willing to say, sure, why not? If you\u2019re willing to take the risks and the moral hazard, go for it. I still don\u2019t think it\u2019s a good idea.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html71\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"My PTSD is still there. Much better, but it\u2019s there, and the guilt is there. Every May 10 is a rough day. Doug and Andy were close friends. I still have their picture up above my desk. I\u2019m not over it. I don\u2019t think a lot of us in \u201996 are. I made a bad decision. I regret going. Having gone, I don\u2019t regret writing the book. But I wish I\u2019d never gone.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}}],\"cid\":\"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:1ed38da5-6c32-4608-bd03-d393ec0cf1ab\",\"cntrbGrp\":[{\"contributors\":[{\"displayName\":\"Grayson Schaffer\"}],\"title\":\"By\",\"rl\":\"Writer\"}],\"mode\":\"richtext\",\"dscrptn\":\"Jon Krakauer reflects on the 1996 Everest disaster and the state of the mountain today.\",\"enableAds\":true,\"endbug\":true,\"isMetered\":false,\"isUserAuthed\":false,\"isTruncated\":false,\"isEntitled\":false,\"freemiumContentGatingEnabled\":true,\"premiumContentGatingEnabled\":false,\"ldMda\":{\"cmsType\":\"image\",\"hasCopyright\":true,\"id\":\"8f98c877-8799-4b45-abc2-78aab47c2aaf\",\"lines\":3,\"positionMetaBottom\":true,\"showMore\":true,\"caption\":\"A memorial near Everest Base Camp commemorates Scott Fischer, a guide who died during the disastrous 1996 Mount Everest blizzard, which also claimed the lives of mountaineer Rob Hall and three other members of his crew on a separate expedition. 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Fischer died in the 1996 Mt Everest disaster along with Rob Hall and others.\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"EVEREST REGION, NEPAL - Memorial of climber and expedition leader Scott Fischer near Everest Base Camp. Fischer died in the 1996 Mt Everest disaster along with Rob Hall and others.\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"\"}},\"imageAlt\":\"Memorial of climber and expedition leader Scott Fischer near Everest Base Camp.\",\"imageSrc\":[{\"sources\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=374&h=248\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=748&h=496\"},\"media\":\"(max-width: 374px)\"},{\"sources\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=413&h=274\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=826&h=548\"},\"media\":\"(max-width: 413px)\"},{\"sources\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=718&h=477\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=1436&h=954\"},\"media\":\"(min-width: 414px)\"}],\"hideTitle\":false,\"hideCredit\":false,\"hideEndBug\":true,\"type\":\"imageLead\",\"hideLine\":true,\"deferImages\":false},\"mdDt\":\"2026-05-08T18:39:46.118Z\",\"schma\":{\"athrs\":[{\"name\":\"Grayson Schaffer\"}],\"cnnicl\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\/article\/into-thin-air-john-krakauer-mount-everest-anniversary\",\"kywrds\":\"Jon Krakauer, Into Thin Air, Mount Everest, Everest climb, Everest disaster, Into Thin Air anniversary, 1996 Everest disaster, Deaths on Mount Everest, Mountaineering, Books\",\"lg\":\"https:\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/static\/default.NG.logo.dark.jpg\",\"pblshr\":\"National Geographic\",\"abt\":\"Mountains\",\"sclDsc\":\"Jon Krakauer reflects on the 1996 Everest disaster and the state of the mountain today.\",\"sclImg\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1_16x9.jpg?w=1200\",\"sclTtl\":\"Jon Krakauer reflects on climbing Everest: \"I wish I'd never gone\"\"},\"sctn\":\"Adventure\",\"sctnLbls\":[{\"name\":\"Adventure\",\"id\":\"fa2b96a6-d3be-3cfb-b536-95ea3b519b57\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\"}],\"title\":\"'I wish I'd never gone'\",\"wrdcnt\":5913,\"dt\":\"2026-05-08T12:00:00\",\"pbDt\":\"2026-05-08T13:02:51.853Z\",\"prismData\":{\"mainComponents\":[{\"name\":\"LeadMediaImage\",\"props\":{\"caption\":{\"credit\":\"Wojtek Chmielewski, Shutterstock\",\"source\":\"\",\"text\":\"A memorial near Everest Base Camp commemorates Scott Fischer, a guide who died during the disastrous 1996 Mount Everest blizzard, which also claimed the lives of mountaineer Rob Hall and three other members of his crew on a separate expedition. Author Jon Krakauer was with Hall's group and survived the tragedy, writing an account of it in his bestselling <i>Into Thin Air<\/i>.\",\"title\":null,\"lines\":3,\"showMoreText\":\"Read More\"},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Memorial of climber and expedition leader Scott Fischer near Everest Base Camp.\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg\",\"sources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=374&h=248\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=748&h=496\"},\"max\":374,\"nativeWidth\":374},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=413&h=274\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=826&h=548\"},\"max\":413,\"min\":375,\"nativeWidth\":413},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=718&h=477\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=1436&h=954\"},\"max\":767,\"min\":414,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=718&h=477\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=1436&h=954\"},\"max\":1024,\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=1280&h=850\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/07412722-2820-46cc-8e2c-7c7d2a8a5fdd\/shutterstock_435610735_1.jpg?w=2560&h=1700\"},\"min\":1025,\"nativeWidth\":1280}],\"fetchPriority\":\"high\",\"loading\":\"eager\",\"showCopyright\":\"Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.\"},\"marginTop\":false,\"ratio\":\"2048x1360\"},\"config\":{},\"usesArticleObject\":true},{\"name\":\"PrismBadgeTag\",\"props\":{\"badge\":null,\"tags\":{\"tags\":[{\"label\":\"ADVENTURE\",\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\"}]},\"isUserAuthed\":false},\"config\":{}},{\"name\":\"Headline\",\"props\":{\"title\":\"'I wish I'd never gone'\",\"description\":\"Jon Krakauer reflects on the 1996 Everest disaster and the state of the mountain today.\"},\"config\":{},\"usesArticleObject\":true},{\"name\":\"Byline\",\"props\":{\"contributors\":[{\"name\":\"Grayson Schaffer\",\"role\":\"writer\",\"labelOverride\":\"By\"}],\"logoRadius\":true,\"publishedDate\":{\"date\":\"2026-05-08T12:00:00\",\"postFormat\":\"[Published] MMMM D, YYYY\",\"preFormat\":\"[Published] MMMM D, YYYY\"},\"shareProps\":{\"title\":\"'I wish I'd never gone'\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\/article\/into-thin-air-john-krakauer-mount-everest-anniversary\",\"pageType\":\"Story\",\"source\":\"NatGeo\",\"shareButton\":\"inline\",\"size\":\"l\",\"networks\":[\"facebook\",\"twitter\",\"email\",\"link\"],\"description\":\"Jon Krakauer reflects on the 1996 Everest disaster and the state of the mountain today.\"}},\"config\":{},\"usesArticleObject\":true},{\"name\":\"Divider\",\"props\":{\"className\":\"natgeoDivider\"},\"config\":{},\"usesArticleObject\":true},{\"name\":\"Body\",\"props\":{\"body\":[[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"On May 10, it will be 30 years since a squall swept across the upper reaches of \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Everest\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/why-mount-everest-can-grow-and-shrink-plate-tectonics\",\"dir\":\"ltr\"}},\", killing eight climbers that night in what was then one of the deadliest mountaineering disasters of all time. (By the end of the season, twelve climbers had died on the mountain in all.) Worse, this was at the dawn of Everest\u2019s guided era, when strong, competent Western mountaineers thought they could pacify the mountain\u2019s myriad death traps and build, as Mountain Madness guide and owner Scott Fischer famously put it, \u201ca yellow brick road right to the summit.\u201d\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Writer Jon Krakauer was there as a client of Kiwi Rob Hall\u2019s Adventure Consultants on assignment for \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Outside\"]},\", and the magazine story he turned in became the book \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Into Thin Air\"]}],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/95441\/into-thin-air-by-jon-krakauer-new-afterword-by-the-author\/\",\"dir\":\"ltr\"}},\", which immediately surged to #1 on the \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"New York Times\"]},\" bestseller list. Far from dissuading would-be clients and guides, the book seems to have supercharged the commercialization of Everest. By the time I was reporting on the mountain regularly in the early twentyteens, mass casualty events had become a regular feature of many seasons. There were the four climbers who couldn\u2019t get themselves down in 2012 despite the good weather, the 2014 \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"serac collapse\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/140423-mount-everest-deaths-history-avalanche-sherpas-mountain\",\"dir\":\"ltr\"}},\" that killed 16 Sherpa porters, and the avalanche set off by the 2015 \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Nepal earthquake\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/150426-everest-earthquake-basecamp-nepal-himalaya-climbing-sherpas\",\"dir\":\"ltr\"}},\" which took at least 19 lives in Base Camp. The death toll climbed and so did some 13,000 summiters\u2019 apparent ability to memory-hole the disasters and keep coming at the mountain, decade after decade.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Now, 30 years on, Krakauer has written a new foreword to \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Into Thin Air\"]},\", chronicling those changes as Vintage Books re-releases the book. I spoke with him at length about that dark and stormy night and the after-effects that are still haunting him today.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-1\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[728,90]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"This interview has been condensed for clarity and length.\",\"\u00a0\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"Take us back to 1996. The guiding era was already underway, but it was still kind of in its infancy. Things were transitioning from the era of national expeditions\u2014the Swiss expedition, the British expedition\u2014to the commercial era. You seemed to see what was coming.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"Krakauer: \"]},\"My heroes growing up were \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Tom Hornbein and Willi Unsoeld\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\/article\/barry-bishop-everest-himalayas\",\"dir\":\"ltr\"}},\". Unsoeld was in my hometown, and his kids were friends with my family. When those guys climbed the West Ridge of Everest in 1963, that blew my mind. Those climbers were heroes, not the astronauts, not the football players. So I paid a lot of attention to Everest. But as I became a serious climber in my teens and twenties, I resented all the gatekeepers. To go on an Everest expedition, you had to go through the American Alpine Club. I thought, who are these guys with clipboards who get to decide? I wrote off Everest.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Then [the late] David Breashears, who I knew from Boulder, took Dick Bass to the summit. Bass was unusually strong but self-deprecating. People would see him and think, \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"if that guy can climb Everest, I can climb Everest.\"]},\" It was on. Then in the early \u201990s, people started hiring guides. Alex Lowe, a good friend of mine, guided Everest three times and got clients to the top twice. The only time he didn\u2019t was on the Kangshung Face in 1994.\"]},{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Image\",\"props\":{\"link\":{},\"caption\":{\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"Jon Krakauer\",\"source\":\"Rodman, Jordan\",\"text\":\"Looking down the Southeast Ridge of Everest from 28,000 feet on May 10, 1996, with Makalu in the background. Guide Rob Hall chose the date because, historically, it was a good day to climb the mountain\u2014but that year, summiting proved deadly.\",\"lines\":3,\"showMoreText\":\"Read More\",\"showLess\":false},\"image\":{\"id\":null,\"showCopyright\":\"Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.\",\"alt\":\"Looking down the Southeast Ridge of Everest from 28,000 feet. May 10, 1996. Makalu in the background.\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg\",\"sources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg?w=374&h=559\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg?w=748&h=1118\"},\"max\":374,\"nativeWidth\":374},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg?w=413&h=617\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg?w=826&h=1234\"},\"max\":413,\"min\":375,\"nativeWidth\":413},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg?w=718&h=1073\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg?w=1436&h=2146\"},\"min\":414,\"nativeWidth\":718}]},\"disableFullscreen\":false},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"align\":\"full\",\"alignXxs\":\"full\"}}},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"That was Sandy Pittman\u2019s expedition, right? It struck me as insane that of all the places she ended up, it was the nearly vertical 7,000-foot East Face of Everest. Nobody goes there.\"]}]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[300,250]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[300,250]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Nobody goes there. It\u2019s almost suicidal. She was there with the world\u2019s best climbers, Steve Swenson and Alex. She never claimed to be elite, but she didn\u2019t let on that she was being guided. She paid Alex to guide her. Once the guiding started, well, it\u2019s the highest mountain in the world. If somebody said you could go to space for a lot of money, people would line up. So in \u201995 \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Outside \"]},\"called and said there was an expedition leaving in a matter of days. I said yeah, I want to go. Then I thought, I don\u2019t want to sit at base camp for two months. I said, let me go next year and I\u2019ll train. And that\u2019s how I ended up there in \u201996. By then it had been going on for a few years, but \u201996 was when it was getting really serious.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"When you finished the magazine story and the book, was there any part of you that thought you\u2019d successfully warned the world and that people would back off?\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"I was sure I\u2019d destroyed the nascent Everest guiding industry. I\u2019d killed it in the crib. I really believed that. Then I found out my book was actually the best advertising it ever got. Eric Simonson said it on the record. \u201cWe couldn\u2019t buy advertising like that book.\u201d I remember on book tour, people would look at me and say, \u201cYou climbed Everest.\u201d You could see them thinking, \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"that f***ing guy.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"I came home with incredible survivor\u2019s guilt, because my presence on the mountain, I believe, had a direct influence on the catastrophe. I think it distorted Rob Hall\u2019s judgment. Scott Fischer was there, and Scott\u2019s team was younger and stronger, and all his clients made the summit. Rob felt pressure to get as many of his clients up as possible, so he didn\u2019t turn around people he should have.\"]},{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"PullQuote\",\"props\":{\"type\":\"pull\",\"text\":\"Listen, there are still a lot of people up there who don\u2019t belong. There\u2019s a real chance you\u2019ll pass somebody in trouble and be unable to help them. Are you prepared for that moral quandary? \",\"hasQuotationMark\":false,\"contributors\":[{\"hideLabel\":true,\"name\":\"Jon Krakauer\"}],\"logoRadius\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{}}},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"I only learned recently from Frank Fischbeck, the oldest guy on our team, who lives in Hong Kong. He turned around early on May 10 because he didn\u2019t feel right. What I didn\u2019t know until a few months ago is that as he was descending, he passed Rob, and Rob tried to talk him into going up. He\u2019d done the same with Doug Hansen [who died on the descent], and Doug had said no, and then Rob talked him into going up. If Rob hadn\u2019t done that, I don\u2019t think the catastrophe would have happened. And then Rob didn\u2019t turn Doug around at one or two. Doug summited at four p.m. That cascaded. Doug collapsed on the ridge, so Andy Harris had to stay with him, which left Mike Groom as the only guide below with clients. Mike had been escorting Yasuko Namba, the smallest member of our team, but at the Balcony [the high promontory that defines the beginning of Everest\u2019s Southeast Ridge] he ran into Beck Weathers, blind, and had to short-rope him down. Mike\u2019s one of the heroes. Three feet of rope, Beck\u2019s blind, Beck\u2019s a big guy. If he hadn\u2019t had to do that, Yasuko would\u2019ve been fine.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-2\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[728,90]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"On the mountain you mistook Mountain Madness client Martin Adams for Andy Harris, giving Harris's teammates and family false hope that he was alive. I know you've beaten yourself up about that mistaken identity. Thirty years later, how does that sit with you?\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Mistaking him for someone else was bad. I felt terrible because I told his parents a story that wasn\u2019t true. First that he made it down, then that he walked off the Lhotse Face. They were dealing with the tragedy and getting all this misinformation from me. But what I really felt guilty about was that Andy and I had similar climbing experiences. We were buddies. When I came down, I\u2019d been out without supplemental oxygen for 90 minutes waiting for people to go up the Hillary Step. I got back to the South Summit and Andy was there, acting bizarre. He wasn\u2019t in his right mind. There were full oxygen bottles he insisted were empty. We couldn\u2019t convince him they were full.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"If I hadn\u2019t been a client, if I\u2019d been his climbing partner, I would\u2019ve said, \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Andy, something\u2019s wrong, we have to get down now.\"]},\" I didn\u2019t, because clients aren\u2019t allowed to have agency. I was always being reprimanded for that.\"]},{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"PullQuote\",\"props\":{\"type\":\"pull\",\"text\":\"If 4,000 people died in the New York Marathon, they\u2019d shut it the f**k down. On Everest, five deaths is no problem.\",\"hasQuotationMark\":false,\"contributors\":[{\"hideLabel\":true,\"name\":\"Jon Krakauer\"}],\"logoRadius\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{}}},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"So Andy ended up staying up there. Rob called him back up when Andy finally convinced the bottles were full. Andy went, and he had a malfunctioning oxygen rig too. He died up there. Doug, I think, fell off the narrow ridge where there was no fixed rope. Rob and Scott should never have gone up that day without ropes fixed first. There\u2019s no way Rob could have gotten Doug across that knife-edge ridge\u2014with a 7,000-foot drop on one side and 8,000 on the other\u2014without rope. And the irony is Rob was the most conscientious. He had rules. He lectured us about turnaround times.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"That he then completely ignored.\"]}]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-3\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[728,90]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Completely ignored. And when you have a client in such bad shape that the only way to save yourself is to abandon them, most guides can\u2019t imagine doing that. I know a guy in Boulder who lost a foot to frostbite because he stayed with a client. That last night, May 11, when Rob was still alive on the South Summit, Guy Cotter and Ed Viesturs were on the radio trying to convince him to leave, telling him everyone else was already down. He wouldn\u2019t come down.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"When people ask me about going to Everest, I always say don\u2019t. They say it\u2019s safer than ever. I say, listen, there are still a lot of people up there who don\u2019t belong. There\u2019s a real chance you\u2019ll pass somebody in trouble and be unable to help them. Are you prepared for that moral quandary? It\u2019s not going to make you feel good. There\u2019s great moral hazard in going to Everest.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"On the topic of inexperienced clients, Sandy Pittman (now Hill) caught a lot of heat for being a socialite with a taste for the finer things. The \"]},{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"Vanity Fair\"]}]},{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\" story, the Dean \",\"&\",\" DeLuca coffee, the satellite phone, the Bialetti espresso maker. In retrospect, doesn\u2019t time vindicate her? If you put her on the mountain now, she\u2019d be one of the better clients.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Yeah, I don\u2019t think she was the cause of the tragedy at all. She doesn\u2019t deserve to be the scapegoat. She was actually stronger than several clients on my team. She\u2019d been to altitude. She\u2019d been on two Everest expeditions. I\u2019d never been above 17,000 feet. Sandy liked being the main character, that\u2019s true. The shit she was doing was crazy, bringing copies of all these magazines, the Sherpas looking at the lingerie ads going \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"whoa.\"]},\" But she didn\u2019t cause the disaster.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"One of the things I corrected in the new edition because I felt bad about Sandy: \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Lopsang Jangbu\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/magazine\/article\/how-an-all-nepali-team-made-mountaineering-history-feature\",\"dir\":\"ltr\"}},\", Scott\u2019s sirdar, carried a 40 or 50 pound electronic device up to the South Col so Sandy could file dispatches live from 26,000 feet. That wasn\u2019t Sandy\u2019s fault. That was Scott\u2019s fault for letting Lopsang do that. Sandy was there specifically to file these reports. That was her job. Scott should have said no. He was sick with a liver issue and originally was going to carry it himself. Lopsang said no, I\u2019ll do it. Scott should have said neither of us should do it. I passed Lopsang puking on his boots that morning. He wasn\u2019t using oxygen, which he normally didn\u2019t need, but any guide should have been. Lopsang and Scott, the two strongest guys on the team, were at the back for most of the day.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[300,250]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[300,250]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"What about Anatoli Boukreev? Your interpretation of him was controversial. You criticized him for guiding without oxygen, not carrying a pack, descending ahead of clients. Thirty years on, how does that hold up?\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"I think the controversy was stirred up intentionally by his ghostwriter, [G.] Weston DeWalt. There were a lot of false statements in that book that I tried to get the publisher to correct. They wouldn\u2019t. But I reported on Anatoli absolutely correctly. I praised him as one of the strongest climbers ever. I praised him for heroically saving the lives of three of his clients. He deserves all the credit for that. But he should never have guided without oxygen. He had to go down ahead of his clients. Without oxygen, you can\u2019t stay warm if you stop. So he had to go down fast, which meant Neal Beidleman, the junior, least-experienced guide, never having climbed Everest, had to bring the clients down. Neal got them to the South Col. Some got lost in the storm and ended up in the [Death] Huddle. Some of Rob\u2019s clients died. But without Neal, \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"none\"]},\" of them would\u2019ve gotten down. Nobody calls Neal a hero. He\u2019s just as deserving as Anatoli.\"]},{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"PullQuote\",\"props\":{\"type\":\"pull\",\"text\":\"This year there\u2019s a huge serac, the size of an apartment building, leaning over the icefall route. When it goes, there are often 200 people in the icefall.\",\"hasQuotationMark\":false,\"contributors\":[{\"hideLabel\":true,\"name\":\"Jon Krakauer\"}],\"logoRadius\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{}}},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Anatoli was Russian. The Russians don\u2019t coddle people. He told me multiple times: \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"If client cannot climb mountain, should not be there. Not my job to get client to top.\"]},\" And he\u2019s right. That was Scott\u2019s fault for hiring him. Anatoli was amazing. He\u2019d acclimatize wearing golf shoes with spikes instead of boots. He didn\u2019t carry a pack because he didn\u2019t have oxygen. The next year, he successfully guided a Malaysian team on Everest, and damn straight he used oxygen.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"And he died on Annapurna in December 1997.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Trying the south face with Simone Moro. Got avalanched. And Lopsang died in an avalanche on the South Col route of Everest in the post-monsoon season of \u201996. Tragic. Brilliant climber. People compared him to [Reinhold] Messner, and I don\u2019t think that was inaccurate.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[300,250]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[300,250]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"In the foreword you note that statistically the mountain is getting safer despite the images we see every year. Can you explain that?\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"What\u2019s made it safer is that guides have figured out what it takes to get clients up. The average now is 1.6 guides per client. That\u2019s a government requirement. You need them to carry all the oxygen bottles, because in \u201996 we had three bottles each. You had to climb reasonably fast and keep flow at half, two liters a minute. No margin for error. Now there are fixed ropes literally every inch from base camp to the summit. Up rope and down rope on the Hillary Step. Two-lane highway in parts. You can have all the oxygen you\u2019re willing to pay for, eight liters a minute. People start using oxygen at base camp now.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"I get the cheating argument. Oxygen is a drug, you\u2019re already using it, who\u2019s to say two liters is fine and eight isn\u2019t. That\u2019s bullshit. What bothers me is the crowds. From 1921 through 1996, one person was killed for every five who reached the summit. From \u201997 through 2025, that ratio dropped to one death per 68 summits. Last year, five climbers died and 866 reached the top, one fatality for every 173 climbers. Those are good odds. But if 4,000 people died in the New York Marathon, they\u2019d shut it the f**k down. On Everest, five deaths is no problem.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"What I\u2019m worried about is a mass casualty event. A serac could collapse and kill 200 people. That could happen as we speak. This year there\u2019s a huge serac, the size of an apartment building, leaning over the icefall route. When it goes, there are often 200 people in the icefall. In 2012, Russell Brice sent his entire expedition home because he worried about a similar serac on the West Shoulder. People were furious. They didn\u2019t get their money back. Two years later, when the icefall avalanche killed 16, it made him look smart. This year the rope-fixing is two weeks behind schedule, which means everyone\u2019s going to be acclimatizing late and going for the first window in late May. They\u2019re anticipating a thousand summits this year.\"]},{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Image\",\"props\":{\"link\":{},\"caption\":{\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"Jon Krakauer\",\"source\":\"Rodman, Jordan\",\"text\":\"John Taske in the Khumbu Icefall in May 1996. Taske was a client on the same expedition as Jon Krakauer\u2014a climb that the author regrets. Thirty years after the disaster, the mountain is more popular than ever, with an astounding number of visitors flocking to Everest every spring.\",\"lines\":3,\"showMoreText\":\"Read More\",\"showLess\":false},\"image\":{\"id\":null,\"showCopyright\":\"Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.\",\"alt\":\"John Taske in the Khumbu Icefall. May 1996.\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg\",\"sources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg?w=374&h=574\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg?w=748&h=1148\"},\"max\":374,\"nativeWidth\":374},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg?w=413&h=634\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg?w=826&h=1268\"},\"max\":413,\"min\":375,\"nativeWidth\":413},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg?w=718&h=1102\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg?w=1436&h=2204\"},\"min\":414,\"nativeWidth\":718}]},\"disableFullscreen\":false},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"align\":\"full\",\"alignXxs\":\"full\"}}},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"That\u2019s like 500 Westerners and 500 Sherpa guides.\"]}]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-4\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[728,90]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Right. You\u2019re going to have traffic jams worse than what you\u2019ve seen. And the icefall scares me. Even when there\u2019s no specific serac threat, you hear the seracs going.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"I\u2019ve walked those ladders. They\u2019re terrifying. In 1996, Rob Hall picked May 10 because that was historically a good day. Now you\u2019ve got computer models. Can you explain how better forecasting actually makes things worse?\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"They\u2019re more accurate. May 10 now would be considered too early. You\u2019re missing a couple weeks of acclimatization, and it\u2019s colder. The prime days are May 23, May 25, before the monsoon. The smarter guides will tell their clients, \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"it\u2019s going to be crowded, we\u2019ll wait for another window.\"]},\" The problem is FOMO. People paid $60,000 or $100,000 or $500,000, sometimes a million. They say, \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"I\u2019m not going to sit out a good day, what if there isn\u2019t another?\"]},\" Everyone goes at once. Some pundits and guide services say it\u2019s not a problem, people just need to be patient. But people aren\u2019t patient. Especially in the icefall, where you\u2019re going through eight times, four round trips. The ladders are bottlenecks. You\u2019re on a ladder, there\u2019s a serac right there, you don\u2019t know if it\u2019s going to tip.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"And in \u201996 a traffic jam meant a dozen people. Now it\u2019s hundreds.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Hundreds. There just wasn\u2019t enough experience to know you needed fixed ropes for clients, and an up rope and a down rope on the Hillary Step. I remember getting to the top of the Step. I knew I was being stupid. Rob said you have three bottles, and one stays at the South Summit for the descent. You shouldn\u2019t need it on the way up. By May 10, all bets were off on that. But I believed it, so I was determined to get to the top fast. I could have, except when I got to the top of the Step to rappel down, there were 30 people coming up. I had to wait 90 minutes without oxygen. I am not Ed Viesturs, I\u2019m not Reinhold Messner. I\u2019m just an ordinary human. I don\u2019t know how many million brain cells I lost, but it was a lot.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-5\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[728,90]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"ContentPromo\",\"props\":{\"cards\":[{\"headline\":\"American becomes the first to ski down Everest\u2019s most challenging route\",\"image\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/1befe059-700f-45cf-8c7d-fc3345c93337\/EverestNorth_04_square.jpg\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\/article\/jim-morrison-first-ski-mount-everest-north-face\",\"imageRatio\":\"1x1\",\"tags\":[{\"value\":\"ADVENTURE\",\"type\":\"text\"}],\"imageSources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/1befe059-700f-45cf-8c7d-fc3345c93337\/EverestNorth_04_square.jpg?w=195&h=195\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/1befe059-700f-45cf-8c7d-fc3345c93337\/EverestNorth_04_square.jpg?w=390&h=390\"},\"max\":767,\"nativeWidth\":195},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/1befe059-700f-45cf-8c7d-fc3345c93337\/EverestNorth_04_square.jpg?w=220&h=220\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/1befe059-700f-45cf-8c7d-fc3345c93337\/EverestNorth_04_square.jpg?w=440&h=440\"},\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":220}],\"type\":\"floating\",\"inline\":true},{\"headline\":\"Climbing Mount Everest may get even harder\",\"image\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/d78e5e13-c615-4fef-8e49-0c82cd22ed35\/NationalGeographic_2720944_square.jpg\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/article\/mount-everest-new-rules-tours-nepal\",\"imageRatio\":\"1x1\",\"tags\":[{\"value\":\"TRAVEL\",\"type\":\"text\"}],\"imageSources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/d78e5e13-c615-4fef-8e49-0c82cd22ed35\/NationalGeographic_2720944_square.jpg?w=195&h=195\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/d78e5e13-c615-4fef-8e49-0c82cd22ed35\/NationalGeographic_2720944_square.jpg?w=390&h=390\"},\"max\":767,\"nativeWidth\":195},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/d78e5e13-c615-4fef-8e49-0c82cd22ed35\/NationalGeographic_2720944_square.jpg?w=220&h=220\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/d78e5e13-c615-4fef-8e49-0c82cd22ed35\/NationalGeographic_2720944_square.jpg?w=440&h=440\"},\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":220}],\"type\":\"floating\",\"inline\":true},{\"headline\":\"Will the discovery of Sandy Irvine lead to solving Everest's greatest mystery?\",\"image\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/3178ce73-f8e8-420c-9157-0067dc92a2c2\/003_MEE24_0535_S0001275_square.jpg\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\/article\/sandy-irvine-everest-mystery-what-it-means\",\"imageRatio\":\"1x1\",\"tags\":[{\"value\":\"ADVENTURE\",\"type\":\"text\"}],\"imageSources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/3178ce73-f8e8-420c-9157-0067dc92a2c2\/003_MEE24_0535_S0001275_square.jpg?w=195&h=195\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/3178ce73-f8e8-420c-9157-0067dc92a2c2\/003_MEE24_0535_S0001275_square.jpg?w=390&h=390\"},\"max\":767,\"nativeWidth\":195},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/3178ce73-f8e8-420c-9157-0067dc92a2c2\/003_MEE24_0535_S0001275_square.jpg?w=220&h=220\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/3178ce73-f8e8-420c-9157-0067dc92a2c2\/003_MEE24_0535_S0001275_square.jpg?w=440&h=440\"},\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":220}],\"type\":\"floating\",\"inline\":true}],\"title\":\"You May Also Like\",\"dividerEnabled\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"align\":\"center\"}}},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"What about the Sherpas in 1996? Reverence and respect, sure, but they were still in a kind of helper role. Talk about the evolution, and whether there were aspects of the story locked behind a language or cultural barrier.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"The most interesting change in 30 years is that Sherpas are now the gatekeepers. Most guide services are run by Sherpas. They call the shots. They\u2019re recognized as the strongest, best, most skilled guides on the mountain. In \u201996 it was thought that Sherpas wouldn\u2019t turn clients around. That was true. They were too deferential. They didn\u2019t speak English well enough to argue. There was still this colonial holdover, the \u201cSahibs\u201d and the \u201ccoolies.\u201d They were the load carriers, the cooks. You didn\u2019t get to know them. Rob made an effort to dispel that. We ate dinner with them in the cook tent. One of my best friends to this day is our cook, Chhongba Sherpa. He helped establish the Khumbu Climbing Center.\"]},{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"PullQuote\",\"props\":{\"type\":\"pull\",\"text\":\"The clients are safer because of the extra oxygen, but the Sherpas are at greater risk because they have to spend more time in the icefall hauling oxygen up to 26,000 feet.\",\"hasQuotationMark\":false,\"contributors\":[{\"hideLabel\":true,\"name\":\"Jon Krakauer\"}],\"logoRadius\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{}}},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"I bet 90 percent of the clients in \u201996 couldn\u2019t name their Sherpas. Didn\u2019t know who carried their loads. A few like Lopsang, who was flashy and spoke English. Or Ang Dorje, Rob\u2019s quiet, very strong sirdar, who later married an American and now has dual citizenship. The guides still called the Sherpas \u201cthe boys.\u201d \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Send the boys up. \"]},\"That doesn\u2019t fly anymore. There was a simmering resentment. After this whole thing I got involved with the American Himalayan Foundation. I\u2019m [the] board chair now. So I spend more time in Nepal and know the dynamics.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"The Sherpas now are the best, but they\u2019re not perfect. They\u2019re competitive. The Sherpa-run outfits underplay risks. They can charge $50,000 instead of $100,000 because they don\u2019t pay the $15,000 permit fee or travel.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"And a lot of them are becoming IFMGA-certified, speaking five languages.\"]}]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[300,250]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[300,250]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Alex Lowe. One of the best things he did was notice that nobody had trained the Sherpas in technical skills. They didn\u2019t know how to tie knots. They were just good athletes who acclimatized well. He was appalled because Sherpas were dying. He had the idea to start the climbing school that became the Khumbu Climbing Center. After Alex was killed in \u201999, Jenni Lowe and Conrad [Anker], who she married, launched it. I was an instructor the first two years, 2004 and 2005. You could tell right away these guys picked it up fast. Jenni and Conrad set up an exchange where Glacier, Rainier, and Grand Teton national parks hosted Nepali guides for advanced rescue training. There are now a lot of Sherpas guiding internationally and doing it well.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"Before that, the pathway was: I was a cook boy, then they gave me a pack and sent me up the mountain.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Despicable. It took years and a lot of resentment. The first time it really came to the fore was 2013, the Sherpa brawl. The rope-fixing team was working on the Lhotse Face. There was a meeting where everybody agreed to stay off the face for the day. Three Europeans, two of them superstars, Simone Moro and Ueli Steck, decided they\u2019d just speed-climb past. When they crossed the ropes, they knocked down a little ice. Mostly the Sherpas were like, \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"what the f**k, you can\u2019t even stay off the mountain for a day, you\u2019re so arrogant.\"]},\" It was disrespectful. They got into a fight pushing and shoving on the Lhotse Face.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"The last place in the world you\u2019d want a tussle.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Twenty-three thousand feet. The Sherpas turned around and went down. The Europeans made it worse by saying \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"f**k, the guide companies are going to be pissed,\"]},\" and then fixing the ropes themselves, further insult. When they got to Camp 2, a hundred Sherpas attacked them with rocks and kicks. It was ugly. That opened people\u2019s eyes. Then in 2014, the icefall avalanche. A house-sized ice block hit 25 people, killed 16. All Nepali high-altitude workers. The Sherpas went on strike and shut down the season.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[300,250]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[300,250]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"I showed up at Base Camp the day after that. We were at the meeting where they were all standing around and it almost felt Maoist. There was this feeling like the platitudes had finally washed away and they were asserting control.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"I forgot you were there. Was that scary?\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"It felt like anything could happen. But what they wanted was respect and their due. Some of the people who died had been carrying gear for that wingsuit guy from Louisiana who was going to jump off the summit. It put in stark relief how big a risk these guys were taking for Westerners\u2019 career goals.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"A lot of the Sherpas I know say \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"I don\u2019t want my kids doing this.\"]},\" They send their kids to private school in Kathmandu. But a lot of Sherpa kids do want to do it. They\u2019re starting their own guide services. It\u2019s lucrative if you own one. And now the Sherpa-run services exploit their Sherpas the same way Westerners did. The clients are safer because of the extra oxygen, but the Sherpas are at greater risk because they have to spend more time in the icefall hauling oxygen up to 26,000 feet. There\u2019s all kinds of moral hazard with being guided up Everest.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"Why do people pick apart your story like the Kennedy assassination?\"]}]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-6\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[728,90]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"There\u2019s a fascination with Everest. Look at the debate that\u2019s raged forever about whether Mallory and Irvine reached the summit in 1924. Every weird conspiracy theory still going. People are getting rich on YouTube doing it. The YouTubers who saw money being made stirring the pot about Mallory and Irvine are now doing it with \u201996. There was a lot in \u201996. At altitude, your memory sucks. You try to figure out what happened by talking to each other. \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Were you there? You sure?\"]},\" Everyone\u2019s memory is different, which leaves room for alternative theories.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"Toward the end of the book you were wringing your hands about oxygen, postulating that maybe banning it would help. People have gone from three bottles to five or six. Now there\u2019s xenon, which may help with acclimatization.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Xenon\u2019s interesting\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\/article\/xenon-gas-mount-everest-climb\",\"dir\":\"ltr\"}},\". In laboratory settings, Furtenbach Adventures has been experimenting for years. They\u2019re convinced that if you breathe it under medical supervision it increases your blood\u2019s oxygen-carrying capacity, same principle as EPO. The jury\u2019s out. Even Furtenbach acknowledges it really just means you don\u2019t have to acclimatize at base camp. Sleeping in hypoxic tents probably helps more. Last year a team of British special forces guys climbed Everest London-to-London in five days using xenon. Mind-blowing. But most of that wasn\u2019t xenon. It was the hypoxic tents and full-flow oxygen from base camp. They had Sherpas helping carry it. They were really fit.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"There are also all these environmental problems on Everest with the human feces up there. I mean that they're starting to try to force people to bring it down.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"I was surprised when I was first reporting there. People had blue barrels for poop at Base Camp, but as soon as you went above Base Camp, everyone was straddling crevasses. And it all melts back down to Base Camp.\"]}]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-7\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[728,90]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Right now there are 2,000 people at base camp with all the support staff. Hopefully most of it\u2019s getting carried out. But the thousand people above base camp, it\u2019s not.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"I think the SPCC [Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee] is now selling wag bags and requiring people to carry them and use them.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"That\u2019s the rule now. You can\u2019t get off the mountain without a fine unless you produce 20 pounds of shit. That\u2019s cool. But there\u2019s so much corruption. Helicopters above Camp 1 are supposed to be for emergencies. It\u2019s now common for people who survived the summit to claim a medical problem so they can get airlifted from Camp 2 instead of going through the icefall.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"They\u2019re using heavy-lift drones to haul gear up through the icefall now.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"[Last] week, because the icefall has been closed, they\u2019ve been ferrying ropes up to Camp 2 [with drones] and it\u2019s worked. The Himalaya is warming faster than the rest of the world. The icefall is more unstable, no one disputes that. There's talk of just helicoptering people above the icefall for safety. Is that climbing Everest? It\u2019s the same thing. But I predict it\u2019ll happen. It\u2019ll make Everest more popular than ever. It\u2019s still Everest. You still come back and say I climbed Everest.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[300,250]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[300,250]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"When I tried Denali in \u201987, it kicked my ass. I came back with a lot of respect. I went again in 2013 with Conrad [Anker] and Jeremy Jones. In some ways Denali is harder than Everest because nobody carries your tent or sleeping bag. You haul all your own food and gear. On Everest you don\u2019t. That itself should make it not count. There are so many compromises now it\u2019s hard to say \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"this is okay and that isn\u2019t.\"]},\" So it\u2019s like, well, everything\u2019s okay. That\u2019s the future of Everest.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"Do you still view climbing Everest as a foundational life experience?\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Foundational, but not in a good way. The morning of May 10, climbing from high camp before dawn, Ang Dorje and I were the first to the Balcony at 27,600 feet. Crystal-clear night, the monsoon visible in the Terai with constant lightning. One of the most memorable experiences of my life. But I am ashamed I climbed Everest. I wish I\u2019d never gone. If nobody had died, I\u2019d think it was pretty cool. Having been party to the disaster, it\u2019s just shame and guilt. I try to warn people that sh*t will happen again. The Everest boosters say \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"don\u2019t listen to Krakauer.\"]},\" Don\u2019t listen to me, but I might be right.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"You guys had a fax machine at base camp. Now there\u2019s Starlink, espresso machines, the 8848 Residence with a four-poster bed for $50,000 a season. People do Everest plus five other peaks in rapid succession. Is there any wilderness left in the Himalayas?\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Yes. The greatest achievement in mountaineering history, in my view, was Reinhold Messner\u2019s [ascent of the North Face of Everest]. In 1978 Messner and [Peter] Habeler became the first to climb Everest without oxygen via the Southeast Ridge. Two years later he went back alone to the north side and did a partial new route, solo, in the middle of the monsoon, no oxygen. You can still do that. No one\u2019s repeated it. You can stay off the two primary guided routes. The route \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Jim Morrison just skied\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\/article\/jim-morrison-first-ski-mount-everest-north-face\",\"dir\":\"ltr\"}},\", the direct North Face into the Hornbein, hasn\u2019t been climbed much. Or the Loretan-Troillet ascent in \u201986: two Swiss guys, no ropes, no oxygen, no tent. Climbed at night because the snow was firmer. They reached the summit in 36 hours and glissaded down, 47 hours round trip. You can still do that. Pick a different route.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[300,250]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[300,250]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"But most people who pay to be guided just want to say \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"I climbed Everest.\"]},\" They don\u2019t want to climb Everest, they want to \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"have climbed\"]},\" Everest. I don\u2019t blame them. But it makes me sad. This great, beautiful mountain commodified and reduced to\u2014\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"A line in the bio of your TED talk.\"]},{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\" \"]},{\"type\":\"b\",\"content\":[\"It\u2019s the world\u2019s biggest metaphor.\"]}]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"That\u2019s right. I\u2019m 72 now, mellowing. I\u2019m willing to say, sure, why not? If you\u2019re willing to take the risks and the moral hazard, go for it. I still don\u2019t think it\u2019s a good idea.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"My PTSD is still there. Much better, but it\u2019s there, and the guilt is there. Every May 10 is a rough day. Doug and Andy were close friends. I still have their picture up above my desk. I\u2019m not over it. I don\u2019t think a lot of us in \u201996 are. I made a bad decision. I regret going. Having gone, I don\u2019t regret writing the book. 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Unauthorized use is prohibited.\",\"alt\":\"Looking down the Southeast Ridge of Everest from 28,000 feet. May 10, 1996. Makalu in the background.\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg\",\"sources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg?w=374&h=559\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg?w=748&h=1118\"},\"max\":374,\"nativeWidth\":374},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg?w=413&h=617\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg?w=826&h=1234\"},\"max\":413,\"min\":375,\"nativeWidth\":413},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg?w=718&h=1073\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5115b109-46e1-47d2-b5cd-5dd2a540dec2\/Unknown-13.jpg?w=1436&h=2146\"},\"min\":414,\"nativeWidth\":718}]},\"inlineId\":\"d53a13eb-98f1-45d2-bb0b-b3fed9258b1c\",\"caption\":{\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"Jon Krakauer\",\"source\":\"Rodman, Jordan\",\"text\":\"Looking down the Southeast Ridge of Everest from 28,000 feet on May 10, 1996, with Makalu in the background. Guide Rob Hall chose the date because, historically, it was a good day to climb the mountain\u2014but that year, summiting proved deadly.\",\"lines\":3,\"showMoreText\":\"Read More\",\"showLess\":false}}},{\"type\":\"pullQuote\",\"data\":{\"articleConfig\":{},\"inlineId\":\"ca55ad34-5237-4f81-8f65-60752306d46c\",\"contributors\":[{\"name\":\"Jon Krakauer\"}],\"text\":\"Listen, there are still a lot of people up there who don\u2019t belong. There\u2019s a real chance you\u2019ll pass somebody in trouble and be unable to help them. Are you prepared for that moral quandary? \"},\"options\":{\"PullQuote\":{\"hasQuotationMark\":false}}},{\"type\":\"pullQuote\",\"data\":{\"articleConfig\":{},\"inlineId\":\"00bf56c7-5cee-4e18-a381-1b537e976d0a\",\"contributors\":[{\"name\":\"Jon Krakauer\"}],\"text\":\"If 4,000 people died in the New York Marathon, they\u2019d shut it the f**k down. On Everest, five deaths is no problem.\"},\"options\":{\"PullQuote\":{\"hasQuotationMark\":false}}},{\"type\":\"pullQuote\",\"data\":{\"articleConfig\":{},\"inlineId\":\"7398aaa6-29c1-4f76-bad6-3d6f84c9b72c\",\"contributors\":[{\"name\":\"Jon Krakauer\"}],\"text\":\"This year there\u2019s a huge serac, the size of an apartment building, leaning over the icefall route. When it goes, there are often 200 people in the icefall.\"},\"options\":{\"PullQuote\":{\"hasQuotationMark\":false}}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"disableFullscreen\":false,\"articleConfig\":{\"alignXxs\":\"full\",\"align\":\"full\"},\"image\":{\"id\":null,\"showCopyright\":\"Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.\",\"alt\":\"John Taske in the Khumbu Icefall. May 1996.\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg\",\"sources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg?w=374&h=574\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg?w=748&h=1148\"},\"max\":374,\"nativeWidth\":374},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg?w=413&h=634\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg?w=826&h=1268\"},\"max\":413,\"min\":375,\"nativeWidth\":413},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg?w=718&h=1102\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e772c086-00e1-4bc7-9e92-673f3c0840c7\/Unknown-12.jpg?w=1436&h=2204\"},\"min\":414,\"nativeWidth\":718}]},\"inlineId\":\"af02ad46-1b4a-4f8d-8dbe-237c7bcfdd7d\",\"caption\":{\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"Jon Krakauer\",\"source\":\"Rodman, Jordan\",\"text\":\"John Taske in the Khumbu Icefall in May 1996. Taske was a client on the same expedition as Jon Krakauer\u2014a climb that the author regrets. Thirty years after the disaster, the mountain is more popular than ever, with an astounding number of visitors flocking to Everest every spring.\",\"lines\":3,\"showMoreText\":\"Read More\",\"showLess\":false}}},{\"type\":\"ContentPromo\",\"data\":{\"inlineId\":\"recirculation-inline\",\"articleConfig\":{\"align\":\"center\"},\"layout\":\"standard\",\"cards\":[{\"headline\":\"American becomes the first to ski down Everest\u2019s most challenging route\",\"image\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/1befe059-700f-45cf-8c7d-fc3345c93337\/EverestNorth_04_square.jpg\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\/article\/jim-morrison-first-ski-mount-everest-north-face\",\"imageRatio\":\"1x1\",\"tags\":[{\"value\":\"ADVENTURE\",\"type\":\"text\"}],\"imageSources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/1befe059-700f-45cf-8c7d-fc3345c93337\/EverestNorth_04_square.jpg?w=195&h=195\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/1befe059-700f-45cf-8c7d-fc3345c93337\/EverestNorth_04_square.jpg?w=390&h=390\"},\"max\":767,\"nativeWidth\":195},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/1befe059-700f-45cf-8c7d-fc3345c93337\/EverestNorth_04_square.jpg?w=220&h=220\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/1befe059-700f-45cf-8c7d-fc3345c93337\/EverestNorth_04_square.jpg?w=440&h=440\"},\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":220}]},{\"headline\":\"Climbing Mount Everest may get even harder\",\"image\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/d78e5e13-c615-4fef-8e49-0c82cd22ed35\/NationalGeographic_2720944_square.jpg\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/article\/mount-everest-new-rules-tours-nepal\",\"imageRatio\":\"1x1\",\"tags\":[{\"value\":\"TRAVEL\",\"type\":\"text\"}],\"imageSources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/d78e5e13-c615-4fef-8e49-0c82cd22ed35\/NationalGeographic_2720944_square.jpg?w=195&h=195\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/d78e5e13-c615-4fef-8e49-0c82cd22ed35\/NationalGeographic_2720944_square.jpg?w=390&h=390\"},\"max\":767,\"nativeWidth\":195},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/d78e5e13-c615-4fef-8e49-0c82cd22ed35\/NationalGeographic_2720944_square.jpg?w=220&h=220\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/d78e5e13-c615-4fef-8e49-0c82cd22ed35\/NationalGeographic_2720944_square.jpg?w=440&h=440\"},\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":220}]},{\"headline\":\"Will the discovery of Sandy Irvine lead to solving Everest's greatest mystery?\",\"image\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/3178ce73-f8e8-420c-9157-0067dc92a2c2\/003_MEE24_0535_S0001275_square.jpg\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\/article\/sandy-irvine-everest-mystery-what-it-means\",\"imageRatio\":\"1x1\",\"tags\":[{\"value\":\"ADVENTURE\",\"type\":\"text\"}],\"imageSources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/3178ce73-f8e8-420c-9157-0067dc92a2c2\/003_MEE24_0535_S0001275_square.jpg?w=195&h=195\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/3178ce73-f8e8-420c-9157-0067dc92a2c2\/003_MEE24_0535_S0001275_square.jpg?w=390&h=390\"},\"max\":767,\"nativeWidth\":195},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/3178ce73-f8e8-420c-9157-0067dc92a2c2\/003_MEE24_0535_S0001275_square.jpg?w=220&h=220\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/3178ce73-f8e8-420c-9157-0067dc92a2c2\/003_MEE24_0535_S0001275_square.jpg?w=440&h=440\"},\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":220}]}],\"title\":\"You May Also Like\"}},{\"type\":\"pullQuote\",\"data\":{\"articleConfig\":{},\"inlineId\":\"1026a504-f50d-4c71-80d7-b8de102f8d2c\",\"contributors\":[{\"name\":\"Jon Krakauer\"}],\"text\":\"The clients are safer because of the extra oxygen, but the Sherpas are at greater risk because they have to spend more time in the icefall hauling oxygen up to 26,000 feet.\"},\"options\":{\"PullQuote\":{\"hasQuotationMark\":false}}}],\"Blockquote\":{\"disableQuotationMark\":true,\"simple\":true},\"datelineSeparator\":\"\u2014\",\"stripBr\":false,\"className\":\"PrismArticleBody SingleColumn\",\"hideReadTime\":true},\"dataConstructorMap\":{}},\"contentPackage\":\"freemium\",\"dt\":\"2026-05-08T12:00:00\",\"story_id\":\"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:1ed38da5-6c32-4608-bd03-d393ec0cf1ab\"}},\"request\":{\"headers\":{},\"httpVersion\":\"1.1\",\"method\":\"GET\",\"url\":\"\/adventure\/article\/into-thin-air-john-krakauer-mount-everest-anniversary\",\"vary\":{\"cached\":true,\"device\":\"pc\",\"host\":\"www.nationalgeographic.com\",\"path\":\"\/adventure\/article\/into-thin-air-john-krakauer-mount-everest-anniversary\",\"forwarded-proto\":\"https\",\"country\":\"br\",\"edition\":\"natgeo-en-us\",\"edition-view\":\"natgeo-en-us\",\"loggedin\":\"false\",\"userab\":\"0\"}},\"viewport\":{\"width\":1260,\"height\":0},\"user\":{}};<\/script><script async src=\"\/\/www.tiktok.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/adventure\/article\/into-thin-air-john-krakauer-mount-everest-anniversary\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nobody goes there. It\u2019s almost suicidal. She was there with the world\u2019s best climbers, Steve Swenson and Alex. She never claimed to be elite, but she didn\u2019t let on that she was being guided. She paid Alex to guide her. Once the guiding started, well, it\u2019s the highest mountain in the world. If somebody said [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":125038,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAow2JLhCw:productID":"","_gspb_post_css":"","maa_idioma":"","maa_pais":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[15632,25886,3404,34204],"class_list":["post-125037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ubirata","tag-climb","tag-everest","tag-jon","tag-krakauer"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.6 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jon Krakauer on his Everest climb: &#039;I wish I&#039;d never gone&#039; - Ubirat\u00e3 Online Not\u00edcias - A realidade ao seu alcance!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nobody goes there. It\u2019s almost suicidal. 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